2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 (新高考1卷)英语 完形填空
发布于 2021-09-21 20:59
【2021新高考全国1卷完形解析】第一节 完形填空(共15小题:每小题1分,满分15分)
My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, 41 little bunny (兔子) cakes for all its 42 throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for 43 help during our spring break, for which I had no 44 beyond listening to my favorite records. I'd 45 minimum wage. I'd see how a factory 46 . My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their 47 .
Our 48 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 49 bunny from the belt. This was 50 than it sounds. 51 a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I'd 52 .
Dad 53 . The son of a grocer, he'd spent the summers of his childhood 54 food in Bemardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you 55 the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.
41. A. sold B. ordered C. made D. reserved
42. A. stores B. families C. schools D. citizens
43. A. generous B. financial C. technical D. temporary
44. A. plans B. problems C. excuses D. hobbies
45. A. offer B. earn C. set D. suggest
46. A. worked B. closed C. developed D. survived
47.A.ambition B.permission C.experience D.invitation
48. A. joys B. ideas C. roles D. choices
49. A. Save B. Keep C. Stop D. Remove
50. A. harder B. better C. longer D. cheaper
51. A.Calm down B.Slow down C.Stay on D.Move on
52.A.indicated B.witnessed C.expected D.remembered
53. A. cried B. smiled C. hesitated D. refused
54. A. tasting B. finding C. sharing D. delivering
55. A. withdraw B. donate C. receive D.appreciate
语篇类型:记叙文 主题语境:人与自我--做人与做事
【文章大意】文章讲述了作者上中学时去一家烘焙工厂做临工的经历,告诉我们要珍惜自己的工作所得,也要尊重他人的辛勒劳作。
【背景知识】美国的未成年人经常会利用假期打临工,但需征得父母的同意。
41.【答案】C
【解析】考察动词,A sold “卖”;B ordered“下订单”;C made“做” D reserved“预定” 。工厂为全镇的商店或者商场制作兔子蛋糕。故选C。本句句意:我最好的朋友贝琪的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理,在复活节期间,霍夫面包店为克利夫兰所有的商店做小兔子蛋糕。
42.【答案】A
【解析】考察名词,A. stores“商店”;B. families “家庭”;C. schools “学校”;D. citizens “市民”。本句句意同上。故选A。
43.【答案】D
【解析】考察形容词,A. generous “慷慨的”;B. financial “财政的”C. technical “技术的”D. temporary “暂时的”。结合下文在说孩子是利用春假来打工帮忙,可见是暂时的小工。本句句意:碰巧在我们的春假期间,市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙,因为我除了听我最喜欢的唱片外,没有别的计划。故选D。
44.【答案】A
【解析】考察名词,A. plans “计划”;B. problems“问题”;C. excuses “理由”;D. hobbies“爱好”。本句句意同上43空,故选A。
45.【答案】B
【解析】考察动词,A. offer “提供”;B. earn“挣得” C. set“设定” D. suggest“建议”。本句句意:我可以依靠打工赚取一笔微小的薪水。我会挣最低工资。此处的 earn 与文末的 earned 构成原词复现。故选B。
46.【答案】A
【解析】考察动词,A. worked “工作;运转” B. closed “关闭”C. developed “发展” D. survived“存活”。本句句意:我可以观察工厂是如何运作的,故选A。
47.【答案】B
【解析】考察名词,A. ambition “雄心”B. permission“允许”C. experience “经验” D. invitation“邀请”根据My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad 可知,作者的父母认为去打临工是好事,于是给贝琪的父亲打电话,“允许(permission)"作者对工作。未成年人打工需要经过父母的同意,如果考生了解这个背景知识,将更容易选出正确答案。故选B。
48.【答案】C
【解析】考察名词,A. joys“欢乐” B. ideas “想法” C. roles “角色”D. choices“选择”本句句意:我们在工厂里的角色很简单:把蛋糕放在移动的皮带上。职责用roles, 故选C。
49.【答案】D
【解析】考察动词,A. Save “节约”B. Keep “保持”C. Stop “停止”D. Remove“移除”。结合前文,先放置蛋糕胚然后安装糖果,最后肯定是把成品兔子从传送带上拿下来,移除用remove, 本句句意:把兔子从皮带上取下来。故选D。
50.【答案】A
【解析】考察形容词的比较级,A. harder “更艰难” B. better “更好” C. longer “更长”D. cheaper“更便宜”。结合下文,本句句意:这个工作比听起来的更困难,故选A。
51.【答案】B
【解析】考察词组,A. Calm down“冷静下来”B. Slow down “慢下来”C. Stay on “继续”D. Move on“继续”。根据下文中的the cakes pile up 可知,作者的任务包括把兔子蛋糕从传送带上“移走(remove)”。这个工作比听起来“更难(harder)”。动作稍“慢(slow down)”蛋糕就会堆积起来。故选B。
52.【答案】C
【解析】考察动词,A. indicated “表明暗示”B. witnessed “见证”C. expected “期待”D. remembered“记得”。根据 it was a litle more high-pressure 可知,上班的第一天晚上,作者告诉父母这项工作的压力超出了自己的 “预料 (expected)"。故选C。
53.【答案】B
【解析】考察动词,A. cried“哭” B. smiled “笑”C. hesitated “犹豫” D. refused“拒绝”根据下文父亲对这项工作的正面评价可知,父亲“笑了(smiled)”,故选B。
54.【答案】D
【解析】考察动词,A. tasting“品尝”B. finding“找到”C. sharing“分享”D. delivering “传输;发表”。根据 The son of a grocer summers和food 可知,作为食品杂货商的儿子,父亲童年时的暑假会“递送(delivering)”货物。本句句意:父亲的童年就是在镇上派送食物,故选D。
55.【答案】D
【解析】考察动词,A. withdraw“撤退”B. donate“捐赠”C. receive “收到”D. appreciate“感激;欣赏”。根据 respect those who did the work 可知,父亲告诉作者这项工作让作者“珍惜(appreciate)”自己挣的钱并敬重做这项工作的人们。本句句意:这段工作经历让我更加珍惜所挣得的钱,并且尊重劳动者,故选D。
【长难句分析】
原句:This was the sort of work that made you 55 the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.
分析:本句中有三个定语从句。第一个that引导定语从句,修饰先行词work,;第二个you earned前面省略了which或that,仍然是定语从句,修饰名词the dollars;第三个who引导定语从句修饰先行词those。另外本句中and连接两个省略to的动词不定式appreciate和respect作宾补;make sb do sth:使某人做某事。
译文:父亲告诉我:“这项工作让你珍惜自己挣的钱并敬重做这项工作的人们。”
【词汇精萃】
1. 熟词生义
| 1. plant 熟义 n. 植物 生义 n. a factory or place where power is produced or an industrial process takes place 发电厂;工厂 2.break 熟义v. 打破;(人或动物)骨折 生义n. a short holiday/vacation 短期休假 3. beyond 熟义 prep. 在(或向)…较远的一边; 超过,越过 生义 prep. more than sth 超出;除…之外 原句 It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for 43 help during our spring break, for which I had no 44 beyond listening to my favorite records. 译文:碰巧在我们的春假期间,市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙,因为我除了听我最喜欢的唱片外,没有别的计划。 4. place 熟义 n. 地方;住所;座位 生义 v.小心或有意)放置,安放 原句 Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 译文:把蛋糕放在运转的传送带上。加上的糖霜做的耳朵。涂上糖霜眼睛和鼻子。 5. pile 熟义 n. 摞;垛;沓 生义 v. to put things one on top of another; to form a pile 堆放;摞起;叠放 原句 51 a bit and the cakes pile up. 译文:动作稍慢, 蛋糕就会堆积起来. |
2.高频核心词汇
| 1.employ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ vt. 使用,采用;雇用;使忙于,使从事于 2.downtown /ˌdaʊnˈtaʊn/ adj. 市中心的 adv. 往闹市区;在市区 3.attach /əˈtætʃ/ vt. 使依附;贴上;使依恋 vi. 附加;附属 4.grand /ɡrænd/ adj. 宏伟的;豪华的;极重要的;傲慢的;<非正式>美妙的 5.simple /ˈsɪmpl/ adj. 简单的;单纯的 6.respect/rɪˈspekt/ n. 尊敬,尊重;方面;敬意 vt. 尊敬,尊重;遵守 7.reserve /rɪˈzɜːv/ vt. 保留;预订n. 候补;贮存 n. 含蓄;克制 8.citizen /ˈsɪtɪzn/ n. 公民;市民 9.financial /faɪˈnænʃl; fəˈnænʃl/ adj. 金融的;财政的 10.technical /ˈteknɪkl/ adj. 技术的;专业的;工艺的 11.temporary /ˈtemprəri/ adj. 暂时的;临时的n. 临时工 12.excuse/ɪkˈskjuːs/vt. 原谅n. 理由;借口 13.earn/ɜːn/ vt. 赚得;赢得;获得 14.survive /səˈvaɪv/ vt. 幸免于难;存活;艰难度过;比 ... 活得长vi. 活着;继续存在 15.ambition /æmˈbɪʃn/ n. 雄心;抱负;野心vt. 追求;有 ... 野心 16. permission /pəˈmɪʃn/ n. 许可;允许 17.invitation /ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃn/ n. 邀请;邀请函;引诱 18.indicate /ˈɪndɪkeɪt v. 显示;暗示,预示v. 表明;指明 19.witness /ˈwɪtnəs/ n. 目击者;证人vt. 目击;见证;观察 20.expect /ɪkˈspekt/ v. 预期;期待;盼望 21.hesitate /ˈhezɪteɪt/ vi. 犹豫;不情愿 22.refuse /rɪˈfjuːz; ˈrefjuːs/ v. 拒绝 23.taste /teɪst/ v. 品尝 24.deliver/dɪˈlɪvə(r)/ v. 递送;发表(演讲);生(孩子);接生 25.withdraw /wɪðˈdrɔː/ vt. 撤回;撤退;提款vi. 撤退;退缩 26.donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ v. 捐赠;捐献 27.appreciate /əˈpriːʃieɪt/ vt. 欣赏;赏识;感激;领会 28.minimum /ˈmɪnɪməm/ adj. 最少的;最低程度的n. 最低限度;最小量 |
3. 课标派生词
| 1. tax-paying /'tæks,peɪɪŋ/ n. 纳税 | adj. 纳税的 2. high-pressure /ˌhaɪ ˈpreʃə(r)/ adj. 高压的;高气压的 |
4. 课标外词汇
| 1. bunny /ˈbʌni/ n. (儿语)兔子 2. icing /ˈaɪsɪŋ/ n.糖衣;酥皮,糖霜 |
5. 核心词块
| 1. calm down 平静下来;镇定下来 2. slow down减速,放慢速度 3. stay on 继续停留 4. move on往前走,前进 5. a moving belt运转的传送带 |
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