【翻译素材】中国范儿《川剧变脸》
发布于 2021-10-07 00:06
四六级翻译具有十分鲜明的中国特色，具体涵盖三大类，分别是历史文化（以介绍中国历史上的朝代、中国传统节日等为主）、旅游地理（以名山大川、江河湖海的介绍为主）、社会发展（主要介绍当今中国在外交、经贸、科技、环保、民生等领域的发展现状及其成就）。
【翻译素材】中国范儿：京剧脸谱
【翻译素材】中国范儿：瓷器
中国范儿《川剧变脸》
川剧变脸：喜怒哀乐一张脸
Face changing in Sichuan Opera：The faces of life
成都，自先秦（旧石器时期--公元前221年）以来就是中国西南地区的文化重镇。川剧，是四川成都文化的一大特色，而其中的一项绝技“变脸”，更是让许多人为之赞叹。在遍地的戏园里、茶馆里，喝着盖碗茶，听川戏，看变脸，是成都人品味文化的独特方式。
Since the pre-Qin period (Paleolithic Period to 221 BC), Chengdu has been an important cultural town in Southwest China. But what really sets the city apart, culturally, is its opera, which is part of the Sichuan Opera tradition. An important aspect of Sichuan Opera is the magic of mask changing, also known as “face changing” where vividly coloured masks are changed within the blink of an eye, much to the amusement of the audience. In opera gardens and tea houses across the town, audiences wanting a glimpse of the local culture love to drink tea while listening to Sichuan Opera and watching face changing.
相传，“变脸”最初出现，是古代人类为了生存想出来的办法。面对野兽，把自己脸部用不同的方式勾画出不同形态，吓唬这些凶猛的入侵者。后来，川剧把“变脸”搬上舞台，用绝妙的技巧使它成为一门独特的艺术。
It is believed that “face changing” has its roots in evolution. Early humans needed survival strategies to ward off predators and invaders. Often, aggressive facial gestures and non-verbal cues were part of it. The Sichuan Opera is said to have brought this range of spectrum of emotions on stage.
变脸总共分为三种，除了相对简单的“抹脸”与“吹脸”，运用比较多的是“扯脸”技法。这是一种较为复杂的变脸方式，首先要在一层层丝绸上画好所有脸谱，在一身行头之中设置巧妙的机关，随着剧情的进展，手一抬一落，刹那间就能换一张脸，任凭你离得再近，也看不破其中玄机。“扯脸”相当有难度，一是粘脸谱的粘合剂不宜太多，以免到时扯不下来，或者一次把所有的脸谱都扯下来；二是动作要干净利落，假动作要巧妙，能掩观众眼目。这是基本的原理，至于其中真正的诀窍，变脸大师们可是不会轻易传授的。
Face-changing techniques generally fall into three categories: “wiping”, “pulling” and “blowing.” Among them, “pulling” is a more complex and frequently used technique in which faces are painted on layers of silk cloth and each mask is tied to a thread which is fastened and hidden in the costume. The adhesive used to stick the mask should be just the right amount — if it’s too much, the entire mask may come off. Once the performance starts, the actor keeps pulling down one mask after another in swift movements to convey different emotions. Astonishingly, no matter how close one is to the stage, they can’t tell how the masks change within the blink of an eye. For this, the actor must be very nifty and possess great skill. Face changing techniques are a closely guarded secret handed down from generation to generation of performers.
当然，变脸可不只是项杂技，更有着丰富的文化意蕴，一张张不同的脸谱是在表达剧中人物不同的心理情绪的变化，喜怒哀乐皆在于此。脸谱所勾出来的图案在形式美上蕴含着巴山蜀水的谐谑之趣，更蕴含着那淳朴的乡土之俗。
Face changing is not simply an acrobatic skill, but it also has rich cultural implications. Different faces convey different psychological and emotional changes that characters in the play experience. The patterns of the facial makeup are borrowed from Chengdu and local customs of the region.
在成都，变脸元素随处可见。它早已深深融入到成都人民的血液中，深入到生活日常，川剧因此不只局限在舞台，而是拥有了更为绵长的生命力。
The different kinds of characters and personalities that Sichuan Opera brings alive on stage can be found among common people in Chengdu as well. This is why its emotions will continue to resonate with people for a long time.
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京剧是中国的国粹。作为一门古老的艺术，京剧的服饰、脸谱等很受观众欢迎。精致的面部化妆和华丽的服饰是京剧的两大特色。不同的服装类型反映不同人物的身份特征。脸谱是京剧中塑造人物形象的重要手段，它是用不同的颜色在脸上勾画出来的。脸谱的颜色让人一看便知角色的善恶。
长期以来，京剧界面临的一个重要问题就是如何让更多人尤其是年轻人认识京剧、了解京剧，喜爱京剧。高速发展的现代社会为人们带来了更多娱乐选择，在电影、电视、网络等冲击下，年轻一代大多数没有意愿也少有机会真正感受京剧的魅力。现有的京剧专家很多已步入中老年，不擅长用年轻人喜欢的语言和方式与他们沟通;而年轻一代中又极少有人既懂得京剧又愿意花费时间和精力去介绍京剧。
Peking Opera is the cream of the Chinese culture. As a traditional art form, its costumes, facial masks, etc.are very popular among audience. Elaborate and gorgeous facial make-up and costumes are two distinguished characteristics of Peking Opera. Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the identity of different characters. Painting faces with different colors are important ways to portray a character. People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks.
For a long time, a serious problem Peking Opera has been facing is how to get more people, especially the young generations, to know about, to understand, and to be keen on Peking Opera. The modern society, which is developing fast, has brought people more options for recreation. Under the impacts of movies, TV shows, Internet, etc., most of the young generations show no interest or scarcely have any opportunity to truly feel the charm of Peking Opera. Many of the Peking Opera masters have entered middle or old age, and they are not good at communicating with the young people in the languages or ways they like. Among the young generations, there are few people who have a good understanding of Peking Opera and are willing to spend time or efforts introducing it.
京剧(Beijing Opera)是中国的国粹。作为一门古老的艺术，京剧的服装（costume)、脸谱(facial mask)更易被人喜爱。不同的服装 类型反映不同的人物身份特征。富贵者的服装缀满精美的刺绣;穷困 者的服装则简单朴素，少有装饰(elemental)。脸谱是京剧中塑造人物 形象的重要手段，它是用不同的颜色在脸上勾画出来的。脸谱的颜 色让人一看便知角色(portray)的善恶。比如白色代表奸诈(treachery)， 黑色代表正直不阿，黄色是骁勇，蓝、绿色多用于绿林好汉(rebellious fighters)，金、银色多用于神佛(divinity and Buddhism)等。
Beijing Opera is the cream of the Chinese culture. As a traditional art form, its costumes and facial mask are more popular with people. Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the status of different characters. There are more decorations in the costumes of nobles，while those of the poor tend to be simple and less elemental. Facial masks can reflect qualities of different characters. Facial masks using different colors are important ways to portray a character. People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks. In general，white usually represents treachery, black represents righteousness, yellow represents bravery, blue and green represent rebellious fighters，while gold and silver represent divinity and Buddhism.
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