2021年度PCI设计奖项目——奥斯卡电影博物馆

发布于 2021-04-06 15:02

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奥斯卡电影博物馆（Academy Museum of Motion Pictures）位于美国加利福尼亚州洛杉矶。


获奖情况
2021年设计奖：建筑类、最佳电影院


项目团队
业主：
Academy Museum Foundation, Los Angeles, Calif

PCI认证的预制混凝土生产商：
Willis Construction, San Juan Bautista, Calif

建筑设计：
Gensler, Los Angeles, Calif
Renzo Piano Building Workshop, Genoa, Italy

结构设计：
Buro Happold, Los Angeles, Calif

总承包商：
Matt Construction, Santa Fe Springs, Calif

图片来源：
Willis Construction, Inc.

项目费用：
25亿元（3.88亿美元）

占地面积：
2.7万平方米（290,000平方英尺）

项目主要特点
——在施工过程中，预制混凝土板作为永久性模板，支撑结构混凝土
——无数独特的连接支架让施工人员可以从内侧调整每块板，修正板相对于球面的位置
——相同的构件尺寸使模板可以多次重复使用，只需对挡板模板位置进行轻微调整


项目预制概况
翻新一座历史悠久的博物馆，并新建一个巨大的球形预制混凝土建筑
该项目用30个模具浇筑了总计727块预制板
混凝土预制构件的施工耗时26个月



工程概况：

建造位于洛杉矶的奥斯卡电影博物馆是为了赞美过去、现在和未来的电影艺术与科学。把它建造成一个看起来像是从《星球大战》电影中走出来的结构，没有什么是比这更好的方式了。
该项目包括占地2.1万平方米（230,000平方英尺）的历史性地标建筑的外部修复和内部内饰翻新，并新建一个占地5574平方米（60,000平方英尺）的带有半球形玻璃外壳的混凝土结构。下半球为混凝土、上半球为玻璃的球体结构内部是能容纳1000名观众的大卫格芬剧院。直径45.72米（150英尺）的预制混凝土球体结构看似漂浮在地面上，这一亮点让翻新后的历史性建筑显得更加庄重，二者相得益彰。
这个球体结构初步设计为现浇混凝土外壳，但随着设计的深入，我们发现现浇不是一个好的施工方案。“对于模板工来说，球形模板的制作和现场组装成本太高，令人望而却步。”Renzo Piano建筑工作室的建筑师Daniel Hammerman解释说。“相比之下，预制混凝土可以提供更好、更具成本效益的成品质量，用更严格的尺寸公差和几何形状控制来实现一个完美的球形。”
由于构成球面的板有相同的尺寸，该项目只需要30个基本模具，只需对模板挡板位置稍作调整就可以多次重复使用。预制预应力混凝土技术的使用实现了大的无柱空间，不但为圆形剧场提供了畅通无阻的视线，也带来了良好的隔声效果。
起初，设计师们担心预制混凝土无法实现预期的饰面变化。Hammerman说：“预制混凝土板往往以工厂制造的外观一致的饰面为主。”但是，预制商制作了多种样品和等尺寸模型，用以确定能够实现预期饰面的最佳技术。最终设计使用标准的灰色水泥和单一的骨料来生产所有的混凝土板。
他们没有对混凝土表面使用典型的去除了表面缺陷的喷砂处理，而是选择了一种“As-Cast”饰面工艺，无需对混凝土表面进行额外处理。这种处理方式为混凝土表面赋予一种发光的质感。“在太阳光照射下，位于球体结构底部的板反射出梦幻般温和的日光洒在地面上，打造出一个令人赞叹的公共广场。”Hammerman介绍。


预制混凝土做模板

“该项目最具创新性的特点之一是使用预制混凝土面板作为永久性模板，在浇筑作业期间支撑结构混凝土”，Willis Construction公司的Mark Hildebrand说。这意味着在建造玻璃穹顶之前，预制混凝土拱肩必须安装在钢结构支架上。大量的支撑和鸟笼式脚手架将结构固定就位，直到把最后一块玻璃安装并固定在拱顶上为止。以精细的栏杆和踏板为特色的标志性蜘蛛楼梯，布置在球体建筑的外侧。
球体的外围护结构被制作成向下反射光线的形状，而全铰接的透明玻璃穹顶系统覆盖在球体的上半部分，在太阳光下能投射出不断变化的阴影图案，使混凝土变得富有生命力。球顶位置设有展览空间和露台，可以欣赏玻璃穹顶下的全景。
“在使用预制件作为永久性模板的过程中，如果没有客户的支持和配合，这个项目是不可能的成功的。”Gensler的高级经理Richard Stoner介绍道。为了铭记历史并不断创造新的可能性而建造的这一项目，拥有超过4645平方米（50,000平方英尺）的画廊，两个剧院，露天广场，屋顶露台，教育实验室，办公室，建筑维护设施，餐厅和商店。“我们非常幸运，业主、设计团队、总承包商和预制混凝土商一起跳出固有观念的束缚，完成了这个令人惊艳的建筑，在未来的许多年里，它都将是洛杉矶的地标。”

英文原文

Academy Museum of Motion Pictures

Los Angeles, CA

 Project Overview

The new Academy Museum of Motion Pictures in Los Angeles was created to celebrate the art and science of movies—past, present, and future. And what better way to do that than to create a structure that looks like it could have rolled off the set of a Star Wars movie?
The project involved the exterior restoration and interior gut renovation of a 230,000-ft² historic landmark structure, with the addition of a 60,000-ft² spherical glass and concrete structure to house the 1000-seat David Geffen theater. The 150-ft diameter precast concrete sphere appears to float above ground, offering a whimsical counterbalance to the more sedate renovated historic structure.
The sphere was originally conceived as a cast-in-place concrete shell, but as the design evolved, it became clear that cast-in-place was not the right solution. “Spherical formwork would have been prohibitively expensive for carpenters to fabricate and assemble on-site,” says Daniel Hammerman, architect for Renzo Piano Building Workshop. “Precast concrete allowed for better and more cost-effective finish quality and tighter tolerances and geometry control to ensure a perfect sphere.”
Because the sphere features a consistent radius, the project required only 30 base molds, which could be reused many times with only minor adjustments of edge forms and blockouts. The use of precast concrete also allowed the large, column-free space, providing unobstructed sightlines for the theater in the round, as well as providing the physical mass necessary for acoustic isolation of the high-performance theater.
Initially, designers were concerned that precast concrete would not be able to deliver the desired variation in the finish. “Precast concrete tends to prize a consistent, uniform look of factory-made cladding panels,” says Hammerman. However, the precast concrete producer generated multiple samples and mock-ups to ultimately define the best technique to achieve the intended finish appearance. The final design used a standard gray cement and a single aggregate to produce all of the panels.
Rather than using a typical sandblasted finish, which erases all the flaws but also the character, they opted for an “as-cast” finish to impart a luminous surface quality. “The gentle sheen on the soffit panels above the plaza brings fantastic daylight and reflections underneath the mass of the sphere, helping create a wonderfully welcoming public plaza,” Hammerman says.
Precast Concrete as Formwork
“One of the most innovative features of the project was the use of precast concrete panels as permanent formwork to support the structural concrete during placement operations,” says Mark Hildebrand of Willis Construction. That meant the precast concrete architectural spandrels had to be installed on a steel structure before the dome could be built. Extensive supports and birdcage scaffolding held the structure in place until the final piece of glass was installed, locking it together like the keystone of an arch. The designer’s signature spider stairways, which feature finely detailed railings and treads, wrap around the outside of the sphere.
The outer envelope is sculpted to reflect light downward, while a highly articulated and transparent dome glazing system partially wraps the upper half of the sphere, casting a changing pattern of shadows that animate the concrete façade. A terrace and exhibition space is perched on top of the sphere offering panoramic views from under a glass dome.
“Without the client’s support in working through the challenges of using precast as permanent formwork, the completion of this project would not have been possible,” says Richard Stoner, senior associate at Gensler. Celebrating history and imagining new possibilities, the museum now features more than 50,000 ft² of gallery space, two theaters, outdoor plazas, rooftop terraces, education labs, offices, conservation facilities, a restaurant, and shop. “We were very fortunate that the Academy Museum allowed the design team, general contractor and precast concrete contractor to think outside the box … to achieve a stunning object from the outside that will be an icon in Los Angeles for many years to come.”








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 预制预应力结构
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