学前教育有用没用?
发布于 2022-06-03 09:03
又到了喜闻乐见的外刊精读环节,今天给大家带来的篇目来自《经济学人》,文中就学前教育到底有无用处展开了深刻的讨论。文章题为“Wondering what’s best for the kids”,篇幅有限,小编选取其中两段进行讲解,感兴趣的小伙伴后台回复关键字“education”即可获得全文pdf。那么话不多说,我们开始。
Free, universal preschool for three- and four-year-olds is a key component of the Democrats’ agenda. Proponents say pre-kindergarten, or pre-k, education can be transformative for children, particularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds. A new study seems to contradict this. It finds that children who attended a pre-k programme in Tennessee actually scored worse on a range of education and behavioural measures. Yet this might reflect general improvements in early education rather than the impact of one programme.
为三岁和四岁儿童提供免费、广泛普及的学前教育是民主党议程的一项关键内容。支持者表示,学前教育对儿童,尤其是那些来自弱势家庭的儿童的影响是具变革性的。然而一项新的研究结果却似乎与此观点相悖。研究发现,在田纳西州参加学前教育项目的儿童在一系列教育和行为指标上的得分会更糟。然而,这可能反映的是学前教育需要总体改善,而不仅仅是一个项目的影响。
proponent n.
“proponent”有“支持者,拥护者”的意思,后面常跟介词“of”,例如:
She has always been a strong proponent of women's rights.
她一向是妇女权利的坚决支持者。
其反义词大家都很熟悉,是“opponent”。
transformative adj.
它的动词形式是“transform”,意为“改变,转换,改造”,“transformative”由动词转变而来,这样我们就很好猜出它的意思,其意为“变革性的,转折的”,例如2020年对全世界的人们来说都是不平凡的一年,就可以说:
The year 2020 has been incredibly stressful and also transformative in both good and bad ways for everybody.
![](https://weixin.aisoutu.com/cunchu3/4/2022-06-03/4_16542189839754002.jpg)
attend v.
“attend”有“参加,出席,上学”的意思,例如:
Thousands of people attended the funeral.
数千人参加了葬礼。
上大学我们可以说“attend college”,上课可以说“attend classes”。
此外,短语“attend to sb/sth”还有“处理,料理”的意思,例如:
I may be late since I have got one or two things to attend to.
我也许会迟到,我有一两件事要处理。
score v.
“score”有“得分,赢得,取得”的意思,后面可接分数,也可接成就等,例如:
He had scored an average of 147 on three separate IQ tests.
他在3项不同的智商测试中平均得分147。
In recent months, she have scored some significant victories.
最近几个月里,她已经取得了一些不小的胜利。
![](https://weixin.aisoutu.com/cunchu3/4/2022-06-03/4_16542267415654001.jpg)
Studies from the 1960s and 70s suggested that pre-k might be a silver bullet for improving the outcomes of poor children. In one striking example, those enrolled in the Perry Preschool Project, which targeted African-American children from low-income families, were by the age of five more than twice as likely to have an IQ above 90. As adults, they committed fewer crimes and earned more money. For every dollar spent, the programme generated nearly $13 in economic returns.
20世纪60年代和70年代的研究表明,学前教育可能是促进贫困儿童成长的灵丹妙药。举一个显著的例子,参加佩里学前项目的儿童,其在五岁时智商超过90的可能性是没有参加学前项目儿童的二倍。该项目针对的是来自低收入家庭的非裔美国儿童。成年后,他们犯罪的可能性更小,收入也较多。研究显示,每向该项目投入一美元,其就会产生近13美元的经济回报。
silver bullet
意思是“万灵药,灵丹妙药,万全的解决方法”,例如:
There is no silver bullet to cure all these problems.
没有包治百病的灵丹妙药。
我们还可以用“panacea”来表示相同的意思,例如:
There is no panacea for the country's economic problems.
解决该国经济问题没有万灵药。
striking adj.
“striking”表示“惊人的,显著的,惹人注目的”,可以形容差距等十分显著,例如贫富之间的显著差异我们就可以说“a striking contrast between wealth and poverty”,它还可以形容人的相貌出众,例如:
a dark man with striking features
相貌出众、肤色黝黑的男子
![](https://weixin.aisoutu.com/cunchu3/4/2022-06-03/4_16542221192074.jpg)
enroll v.
“enroll”的意思是“招生,登记入学”,我们上文提到attend college有上学的意思,用enroll我们就可以说“be enrolled at the university”。这里我们就学习了两个表达上学上课的方法,快用它们换掉老掉牙的go to school。
In one striking example, those enrolled in the Perry Preschool Project, which targeted African-American children from low-income families, were by the age of five more than twice as likely to have an IQ above 90.
这个句子比较复杂,我们一起来梳理一下它的结构。
绿色粗体部分是句子的主干部分,those后面接了一个后置定语,指参加学前项目的这些人。我们再回过头来看句子的主干部分,句子主干末尾有所省略,其完整形式是those were by the age of five more than twice as likely to have an IQ above 90 as those who didn't enrolled in the Perry Preschool Project,意思就是“参加佩里学前项目的儿童,其在五岁时智商超过90的可能性是没有参加学前项目儿童的二倍”。句子中间还有个which引导的非限制性定语从句(斜体部分),修饰Preschool Project,强调这个项目针对的是低收入家庭的非裔美国儿童。
这个句子的结构较为复杂,大家多读几遍细细体会,还有疑问的欢迎后台留言给我们~
![](https://weixin.aisoutu.com/cunchu3/4/2022-06-03/4_16542187998784.jpg)
commit v.
“commit”的意思是“犯错误,犯罪”,后面可接murder、crime等,例如:
Brady committed a series of brutal murders.
布雷迪犯下了一连串残忍的谋杀案。
还有短语commit suicide,表示自杀。
重点词汇短语积累
proponent
transformative
attend
score
silver bullet
striking
enroll
commit
那今天的内容就先到这里啦~
下期见!
Shelby/吐司生
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