雅思写作| 高频主题:AI有灵魂吗?
发布于 2021-10-18 07:35
be conscious有意识
Can machines be conscious?
be artificially created 被人为创造
Because consciousness is a natural phenomenon,it will eventually be artificially created.
consciousness意识
To test for such consciousness, however, will require some thing other than the classic Turing test.
what consciousness really is什么是意识
No one has the foggiest idea of what consciousness really is, and it seems highly unlikely that we will ever be able to create an artificial consciousness.
pseudoscientific fantasies伪科学的幻想
singularity奇点
“Engineers and scientists should be helping us face the world's problems and find solutions to them, rather than indulging in escapist, pseudoscientific fantasies like the singularity."
be considered part of the uniquely human ability to think被认为是只有人类能思考的部分
The first primitive digital computers were instantly dubbed "thinking machines" because they were able to perform functions initially only arithmetic that had always been considered part of the uniquely human ability to think.
arithmetic算术
Some critics of the "thinking machine" label, however, objected tha arithmetic is so much simpler than, say,poetry or philosophy (after all, it is only a matter of following a few simple rules) that computers were not thinking at all.
cannot possibly be real thinking不是真正的思考
Thinking, they said,is for humans only.In fact, if a machine can do it, then it cannot possibly be real thinking.
manipulate symbols控制符号
Mind and consciousness are special. They are what brains-not computers-do. Computers, he says, do no more than manipulate symbols. They do not know what the symbols mean.
mathematician and logician数学家和逻辑学家
In 1950,Alan Turing,an English mathematician and logician, devised a test to determine whether or not a machine was intelligent.
an intelligent conversationalist聪明的健谈的人
If the computer could pass for an intelligent conversationalist, Turing felt, then it would have to be considered intelligent.
solve mathematical theorems解决数学定理
analyze grammar分析语法
Over the next two decades, computer scientists learned how to pro gram their machines to play games such as chess, solve mathematical theorems, analyze grammar, and perform a number of other tasks that had once been thought doable by thinking humans only.
match and even exceed their creators和创造者一样甚至超过创造者
In most cases the machines were not as good at these tasks as humans, but many artificial intelligence(AI) researchers believed it was only a matter of time before the machines matched and even exceeded their creators.
imitate the conversational style of paranoid humans模仿偏执狂类型的谈话风格
Any machine that has come closest to passing the Turing test may have been in the early 197Os,when the late Kenneth Mark Colby, then a Stanford University psychiatrist and computer scientist, programmed a computer to imitate the conversational style of paranoid humans.
be very rigid and predictable in their responses回答比较死板和可以预测的
This was much easier than programming a computer to imitate a nonparanoid human's conversational style because paranoid individuals tend to be very rigid and predictable in their responses.
be far freer, more flexible,and more capable更加自由灵活有能力
On the other hand, it was not trying to pass as a normal human being, whose thought processes are far freer, more flexible,and more capable.
imitate a normal human being模仿正常人
Will a computer ever be able to imitate a normal human being? And if it can, will that mean it is really "thinking"or really "intelligent"or really
“conscious"?
computer scientists计算机科学家
Many computer scientists believe that it is still just a matter of time before a computer passes the Turing test with flying colors and that that machine will be truly intelligent.
human mind 人脑
a program that runs on a biological machine运行在生物机器上的程序
Indeed, many even say that the human mind is nothing more than a program that runs on a biological machine.
be self-aware有自我意识的
Others argue that machines cannot have emotions or appreciate beauty and that computers cannot be self-aware or conscious, no matter how intelligent they may seem to an interrogator.
is a form of computation 一种运算形式
an essentially mechanical or material process本质上是一种机械运转和材料加工的过程
Thinking is a form of computation and thus to be understood as an essentially mechanical or material process.
become able to design,improve, and build themselves能涉及改善和建造自己
This may happen when artificially intelligent computers become able to design,improve, and build themselves.
in restricted subsets of human intelligence 专属于人类的智慧
Still, they are trying, at least in restricted subsets of human intelligence such as game-playing.
are utterly devoid of the kind of feelings and emotions没有情感和情绪
We are creating a new and different form of being. And infinitely more monstrous! creatures sharing our planet who not only imitate and surpass us in logic who have even achieved consciousness and free will, but are utterly devoid of the kind of feelings and emotions that, literally, humanize human beings.
human primacy人类第一
Chess-playing is real thinking and that human primacy in a very fundamental area-in fact, human identity-is now seriously threatened.
does not feel threatened at all并不觉得被威胁
Hans Moravec does not feel threatened at all.
speculates on the replacement of biological intelligence by machine intelligence预测生物智慧会被机器智慧取代
He forecasts the transfer of human minds into immensely capable machines and speculates on the replacement of biological intelligence by machine intelligence.
surpass humans超过人类
He expects robots to surpass humans.
cannot have a genuine autonomous purpose不会有自己真正的意图
Is it not 'obvious' that mere computation cannot evoke pleasure or pain; that it cannot perceive poetry or the beauty of an evening sky or the magic of sounds; that it cannot hope or love or despair; that it cannot have a genuine autonomous purpose?
do things otherwise reserved to human beings做一些原本只是人类会做的事
Most definitions of artificial intelligence do not require that a computer be capable of pleasure, pain,and other feelings, but rather that it be able to do things otherwise reserved to human beings.
thanks to advances in sensors and software由于传感器和软件的发展
One prospect for the near future is cars that drive themselves, thanks to advances in sensors and software.
provoke projections引发预测
may be falling in love with-and perhaps even marrying--robots可能会爱上甚至和机器结婚
The current simulation corresponds to less than 5 percent of a human brain, but that is enough to provoke projections that within a few decades human beings may be falling in love with-and perhaps even marrying--robots.
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