电动汽车到底中不中?! | EC
发布于 2021-09-06 08:34
第159篇
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前 言
哈喽小伙伴们大家好呀!最近几年,电动汽车行业快速蓬勃发展,中国电动造车新势力势如破竹。现在我们在日常生活中能看到很多电动汽车的影子啦,那么未来电动汽车的发展前景究竟如何呢?EV的发展主要面临哪些重要挑战呢?中国能有和特斯拉竞争的automaker吗?以及...我以后要不要买一辆EV呢哈哈哈哈哈哈。今天我们就来听听这篇材料吧~逻辑结构十分清楚,还能涨知识!
词汇积累
Tipping point (个案积累终成大趋势的)引爆点,爆发点
Tesla 特斯拉
Chevy 雪佛兰
Nissan 尼桑
Trade off 权衡;卖掉;交替使用;交替换位
音频材料
笔记分享
由于笔记法非常personal,每个人都会有不同的符号和记法,所以请大家用辩证的眼光看待每天分享的笔记噢~
这里小编会每天会分享两个吴钟明老师在书中记录的笔记符号给入门的小伙伴参考~
材料原文
With any disruptive technology, there‘s a tipping point—there is a point in time when its path towards market dominance is a certainty. Now, electric vehicles are almost certainly a disruptive technology—they’re almost certainly a technology that will, with time, become dominant over their predecessor. In this case, the predecessor is the internal combustion car that you, yourself almost certainly use. Chances are, though, when asked, you’d say that your next car will not be electric, and You’re right—the average consumer, according to surveys, would not even consider purchasing an electric vehicle, demonstrating that the technology is not yet at that tipping point where its on a certain path towards market dominance.
But again, that path is almost certain. EVs are not there yet—right now, they’re too expensive, too short range, and too slow to charge—but they’re close. In fact, research can quantify just how close they are. It’s been shown that the “tipping point price” for EVs, the price that will lead to mainstream adoption and eventual disruption, is $36,000. Taking a look at the prices of the base-models of three of the world’s best selling electric vehicles, they’re already roughly there, so we know that that’s not what’s holding mass-market consumers back.
What also matters is range. Consumers say they need 291 miles or 469 kilometers of it before the cars can go mass-market. Two of those best-selling EVs, the Tesla Model 3 and Chevy Volt EV, are not far from that, while the Nissan LEAF lags behind. Range and cost are closely linked, and you can essentially trade one off for the other, as the battery is the single largest cost of an EV. That’s why the industry is so focused on innovating and scaling to lower the component cost of EV batteries, and it’s working.
In 2013, the average price per kWh of an EV battery was $668, meaning the base-model Tesla Model 3’s 50 kWh battery would cost $22,400—2/3rds of what the vehicle sells for. Nowadays, the average price per kWh is all the way down to $137, meaning that same battery pack would cost just $6,850, and this price per kWh is expected to lower to $100 by 2023. It’s getting more and more possible for manufacturers to sell an EV for the magic $36,000 price with the magic 291 mile range.
While EVs are not quite there yet, they’re really not far, and will be there in the next few years. So, range is not what’s significantly holding mass-market consumers back, and it won’t be at all within a few years. What is, though, is charging.
参考译文
任何颠覆性技术都有一个临界点——在某个时间点,它走向市场主导地位的道路是确定无疑的。现在,电动汽车几乎可以肯定它就是一项颠覆性的技术——随着时间的推移,几乎肯定会成为一项超越其前身的技术。在这种情况下,前身是你自己几乎肯定会用的内燃机车。然而,当被问及时,你可能会说你的下一辆车不会是电动的。你说的不错。根据调查,普通消费者甚至不会考虑购买电动汽车,这表明这项技术还没有达到走向市场主导地位的临界点。
但同样,电动汽车走向市场主导地位的道路几乎是确定的。但目前,价格高,续航里程太短,充电太慢让电动汽车还未迎来临界点,但是已经很接近了。事实上,研究可以量化有多接近临界点。据显示,电动汽车的“引爆点价格”是36,000美元,这一价格为市场大众接受。看看世界上最畅销的三种电动汽车的基础车型的价格,已经大致在理想价格范围内了,所以价格这并不是阻碍大众市场购买的原因。
同样重要的是里程数。消费者表示,他们需要上市的汽车里程能达到291英里或469公里。其中两个最畅销的电动汽车,特斯拉Model 3和雪佛兰Volt EV,很接近理想里程,而日产LEAF在该点上落后。续航里程和成本密切相关,需要更换电池。由于电池是电动汽车最大的成本,所以为该行业如此专注于创新和扩展电池,以降低电动汽车电池的组件成本,而且目前进展有效。
2013年,每千瓦时电动汽车电池的平均价格为668美元,这意味着基本型号特斯拉Model 3的50千瓦时电池将花费22400美元,是汽车售价的2/3。如今,每千瓦时的平均价格一直下降到137美元,这意味着同一电池组的价格仅为6850美元。预计到2023年,每千瓦时的价格将降至100美元。制造商越来越有可能以36,000美元的价格销售一辆续航里程为291英里的电动汽车。
虽然电动汽车还没有完全到达临界点,但也很接近了,并将在未来几年到达。续航里程并不是阻碍大众市场消费者的重要因素,几年内也不会成为。但是,充电问题才是阻碍大众消费者购买的主要因素。
知识延伸
撰稿|Jupiter
小编|Jessie G
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