『素材积累』人工智能值得信任吗?
发布于 2021-09-26 08:00
人工智能（AI），相信大家都不陌生，现在这项科技已经逐渐渗透在我们的生活中了，但是通过阅读一篇文章（选自雅思阅读真题）发现，其实很多人对于这项科技还是持有怀疑态度的，那么原因究竟是什么呢？有什么办法来改善这个现象呢？
文章的第一部分介绍了人工智能在一些领域的应用，同时提到很多时候，人工智能做出的预测都要优于我们，但是人们却仍然缺乏对它的信任。
Many decisions in our lives require a good forecast, and AI is almost always better at forecasting than we are. Yet for all these technological advances, we still seem to deeply lack confidence in AI predictions. Recent cases show that people don’t like relying on AI and prefer to trust human experts, even if these experts are wrong.
我们生活中许多的决策都需要好的预测，而人工智能在预测方面几乎总是比我们强。但是尽管有这些科技的进步，我们似乎仍然对人工智能的预测严重缺乏信任。最近的案例显示，人们不喜欢依赖人工智能，而是更加信任人类专家，即使这些专家是错的。
本段节选的第一句话中better at … than…表示在…方面好于…比如，He is better at chess than others.他下棋比别人好。这里还有另外一个表达可以和它替换，那就是superior in … to …，所以文章中的第一句话我们也可以表达成AI is almost always superior in forecasting to us. 这两个表达都可以用在我们的口语或者写作中，表达某件事情做的更好。我们下面再举几个例子：
People seem to assume that male students are better at learning math than female students, which is not always the case.
人们似乎认为男生比女生更擅长学习数学，但事实并非总是如此。
Students who get enough rest are always superior in concentrating on their study to those who are sleep-deprived.
休息充足的学生比睡眠不足的学生更能集中注意力学习。
Lack 在这里是动词，表示缺乏，我们在这篇文章的下面还看到它的另一个用法。This is just one example of people’s lack of confidence in AI…在这里lack是名词。再给大家举一个例子。
Students lack relaxing time.
Students have lack of relaxing time.
接下来，作者分析了人们不相信人工智能可能的原因，第一个主要的原因就是人们对于人工智能并不熟悉。
Even if it can be technically explained (and that’s not always the case), AI’s decision-making process is usually too difficult for most people to comprehend. And interacting with something we don’t understand can cause anxiety and give us a sense that we’re losing control.
即使它可以在技术上被解释（事实并非总是如此），人工智能的决策过程通常对于大部分来说还是很难理解。和我们不能理解的东西交流会导致焦虑，并给我们一种失控的感觉。
本段节选中第一句话使用了一个我们很熟悉的too…to…用法，表示太…以至于不能…，虽然是一个很简单的表达，但是却非常实用。我们再举个例子：
The classroom is too noisy for me to stay focused.
这个表达通常可以和so…that…替换着使用，比如原文中的句子可以改写成：AI’s decision-making process is usually so difficult that most people can’t comprehend.
例句可以改写成：The classroom is so noisy that I can’t stay focused.
Embarrassing AI failures receive a disproportionate amount of media attention, emphasising the message that we cannot rely on technology.
disproportionate：不成比例的
在这一选段中，我们看到了两个动词ing形式的单词，一个是位于句首的embarrassing，这里是现在分词作定语，修饰AI failures，表示令人尴尬的人工智能的失败。第二个是emphasising，在这里是现在分词作状语，这个用法非常值得学习，同时也可以应用到口语和写作中，要注意，在使用动词分词作状语时，其逻辑主语要与句子的主语保持一致。下面我们再举几个例子。
Entering the room, I saw no one. (When I entered the room, I saw no one.)
Working hard, you’ll realize your dream. (If you work hard, you’ll realize your dream.)
She lay on the grass, staring at the sky. (She lay on the grass and stared at the sky.)
接下来，作者认为很多人不愿意接受人工智能的帮助，这使得他们处于很不利的位置。所以，如何能够提升人们对于人工智能的信任呢？
Simply having previous experience with AI can significantly improve people’s opinions about the technology, as was found in the study mentioned above.
仅仅是有过使用人工智能的经验就可以显著提升人们对于这项科技的态度，正如上面提到的研究发现的那样。
Another solution may be to reveal more about the algorithms which AI uses and the purposes they serve.
另一个解决方法可能是揭露更多的人工智能使用的算法以及它们服务的目的。
Research suggests that allowing people some control over AI decision-making could also improve trust and enable AI to learn from human experience.
研究表示，让人们对于人工智能的决策制定拥有一定的控制也可以提升信任，并可以让人工智能学习人类经验。
enable 使能够
This website enables people to share ideas.
The new program enables older people to study at college.
大家可以根据今天的材料尝试自己回答下面这个问题哦。
Why don’t some people trust AI?
为什么有的人不相信人工智能？
I suppose the reason is that AI is fairly new and unfamiliar to most people. So that AI’s decision-making process is too difficult to comprehend. Interacting with something we don’t understand can cause anxiety and give us a sense that we are losing control. In addition, embarrassing AI failures always receive a disproportionate amount of media attention, emphasizing the message that we cannot rely on technology. As a result, some people lack confidence in AI predications and prefer to trust human experts.
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