火山灰与沙漠空气层相遇会出现奇观吗?

在拉帕尔马上空，火山灰与撒哈拉沙漠空气层相遇

Volcanic ash meets Saharan Air Layer in unique display over La Palma
Nathan Howes

These cool looking cloud rings have some very special ingredients

Mother Nature can toil in mysterious ways to create a work of art out of something that appears to be nothing out of the ordinary.

大自然母亲可以以神秘的方式辛勤劳作，创造出一件看似平凡无奇的艺术品。

In the case of the Cumbre Vieja volcano on the island of La Palma in the Canary Islands, Spain, a stunning cloud ripple recently formed above it amid the ongoing eruptions.

以西班牙加那利群岛拉帕尔马岛上的康伯利维亚火山为例，在持续的喷发中，火山上方形成了令人惊叹的云波纹。

The Volcanology Institute (INVOLCAN) observed a rise in explosive activity on Oct. 2, and in the midst of the elevated activity, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Terra satellite captured a unique image showing a dense plume of ash streaming south just two days later.

火山研究所(INVOLCAN)在10月2日观测到爆炸活动的上升，在上升的活动中，美国国家航空航天局的Terra卫星上的中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)捕捉到一幅独特的图像，显示仅仅两天后，一股浓密的火山灰羽流向南流动。

According to the Toulouse Volcanic Ash Advisory Center, the plume soared to three kilometres in the air on Oc. 4, creating a hazard to aircraft nearby. Even though the activity spiked, volcanologists still assessed Cumbre Vieja’s volatile state as moderate -- garnering a 2 out of 8 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI).

根据图卢兹火山灰咨询中心的数据，火山灰柱在4日上升到3公里的空中，对附近的飞机造成了危险。尽管火山活动急剧增加，火山学家仍然认为康伯列维耶哈的不稳定状态为中度——在火山爆发指数(VEI)上获得了2分(总分8分)。

According to NASA's Earth Observatory, the bull’s-eye-shaped cloud resulted from a rising column of superheated ash and gases -- known as the eruption column.

根据美国国家航空航天局地球天文台的说法，这片牛眼状的云是由过热的火山灰和气体上升形成的柱状物形成的，被称为喷发柱。

© Provided by The Weather Network(NASA)

The floating pillar of water vapour and other gases arose rapidly upward until it clashed with a drier, warmer layer of the Saharan Air Layer (SAL) at roughly 5.3 kilometres altitude, according to INVOLCAN.

根据INVOLCAN的说法，由水蒸气和其他气体组成的漂浮柱迅速上升，直到它与海拔大约5.3公里的撒哈拉沙漠空气层(SAL)的一个更干燥、更温暖的层发生碰撞。

"A handful of incredibly unique ingredients all came together to create an amazing display on the Spanish island of La Palma as an incredibly active volcano erupted," said Jessie Uppal, a meteorologist at The Weather Network.

英国气象网的气象学家杰西·尤帕尔说:“西班牙拉帕尔马岛一座活火山爆发了，将几种极其独特的食材汇集在一起，创造了一场令人惊叹的表演。”

The abnormally warm air situated atop a temperature inversion acted like a lid, stopping the volcanic plume from going any higher. As a result, it just levelled out and spread horizontally.

位于逆温层顶部的异常温暖的空气就像一个盖子，阻止了火山羽流继续上升。结果，它只是水平扩散。

© Provided by The Weather Network(Daniel Lopez/Storyful) 

"We know warm air naturally rises into the atmosphere where the cooler air is surrounding it. This is exactly how we get the development of thunderstorms, but in this case, we have an eruptive volcano," says Uppal.

“我们知道，热空气会自然上升到周围较冷空气的大气中。这正是我们如何得到雷暴的发展，但在这种情况下，我们有一个喷发的火山，”乌帕尔说。

The inversion is a layer within the atmosphere that temperatures typically increases with height, Uppal said, and that's why "we see that column of volcano plume stop right there and ripple its way out."

逆温层是大气中的一层，温度通常随高度升高而升高，乌帕尔说，这就是为什么“我们看到火山羽柱就停在那里，然后像涟漪一样飘出去。”

"Since volcanic eruptions typically have natural ebbs and flows in their intensity, pulses in the upward flow of the volcanic column created concentric gravity waves as they hit the temperature inversion and spread outward. The process is similar to the way a stone dropped in a pond creates ripples that spread outward," NASA's Earth Observatory explained.

“由于火山爆发的强度通常有自然的起伏，向上流动的火山柱脉冲在遇到逆温并向外传播时产生了同心重力波。这一过程类似于扔进池塘的石头会产生向外扩散的涟漪，”美国宇航局的地球天文台解释道。

© Provided by The Weather Network

The good news about the particular eruption that yielded the picturesque sight was its lack of energy to send large amounts of ash and gases into the stratosphere, NASA said, where it can have "strong and lasting effects on weather and climate."

美国国家航空航天局(NASA)表示，这次独特的喷发带来了如画的景象，但好消息是它没有能量将大量的火山灰和气体送入平流层，在那里它可能“对天气和气候产生强烈而持久的影响”。

Thumbnail courtesy of Daniel Lopez/Storyful.
With files from Jessie Uppal, a meteorologist at The Weather Network.

Words

Spectroradiometer
[ ˌspektroʊˌreɪdɪˈɑːmətər ]
n.分光辐射度计
eg：Then total amount and spectral analyses were made on data of ultraviolet spectroradiometer.
最后对紫外光谱仪的观测资料做了总量和谱分析。

Plume[ pluːm ]
n.羽毛；羽毛装饰物；飘升之物；（尤指污染物）一团物质；地幔柱
v.用羽毛装饰；羽毛状展开；（鸟）整理羽毛；（人）搔首弄姿；引以为傲；飘升
eg: The rising plume of black smoke could be seen all over Kabul.
那股升起的黑烟整个喀布尔都可以看到。

Spiked [ spaɪkt ]
adj.尖的；有穗的；加入标准的
eg：Her words were spiked with malice.
她的话暗含恶意。
phrase：
voltage spike  突增的瞬间电压

Garner [ ˈɡɑːrnər ]
vt.获得；储存；把…储入谷仓
n.谷仓
eg: Blue diamonds have been known to garner high prices.
蓝钻众所周知价格很高。

Altitude[ ˈæltɪtuːd ]
n.高地；高度；[数] 顶垂线；（等级和地位等的）高级；海拔
eg: They were flying at high altitude.
他们正在高空飞行。
phrase：
high altitude  高海拔
in one's altitude  ◎飘飘然；自高自大

Meteorologist[ ˌmiːtiəˈrɑːlədʒɪst ]
n.气象学者
eg:  He is a talented meteorologist.
他是一个出色的气象学家。

Atop [ əˈtɑːp ]
prep.在……的顶上
adv.在顶上
eg：Members of the research group stand atop the stump of a giant redwood tree.
研究项目组的成员站在一块巨大的红木树桩上。

Level out
把……弄平；达到平衡；持平
eg：Level out and fly straight and level.
拉高机头保持水平直线飞行。

Horizontally [ ˌhɔːrɪˈzɑːntəli ]
adv.水平地；地平地
eg：The wind was cold and drove the snow at him almost horizontally.
风很冷，裹着雪几乎是横着向他扑来。

Ripple [ ˈrɪpl ]
n.波纹；涟漪；[物] 涟波
vi.起潺潺声
eg：The air was so still that there was hardly a ripple on the pond's surface.
没有风，池塘的水面上几乎看不到波纹。
phrase:
torque ripple  转矩波动
ripple current  纹波电流；脉动电流

Concentric [ kənˈsentrɪk ]
adj.同轴的；同中心的
eg: On a blackboard, he drew five concentric circles.
他在黑板上画出五个同心圆。
phrase：
concentric circles  同心圆
concentric ring  同心环

Picturesque [ ˌpɪktʃəˈresk ]
adj.（地方）古雅的，风景如画的；（语言）生动的，独特的；（服饰和外貌）引人注意的，奇特的
eg：Our journey takes us to picturesque Berber villages and lovely beaches.
在旅程中，我们去了风景如画的柏柏尔村庄和可爱的海滩。
phrase：
picturesque scenery  山清水秀；景色如画

Stratosphere [ ˈstrætəsfɪr ]
n.平流层，同温层；最上层；最高阶段
eg：The concept of releasing aerosol sprays into the stratosphere above the Arctic has been proposed by several scientists.
一些科学家提出了向北极平流层释放气溶胶喷剂的概念。

Thank you for reading, I'll see you tomorrow!

Subscribe and reading with me. 

部分往期文章

疫情使人们更焦虑？

巨型红杉能否在加州野火中生存下来