牛津大学辩论社: 社会主义行得通吗?Oxford Union 双语精读
发布于 2021-10-12 00:17
辩题:社会主义行得通吗?
Can socialism work?
(节选正方,反方一辩翻译)
正方一辩介绍:
Jeremy Corbyn
杰里米·科尔宾 2015年66岁,立场较为激进,是工党著名的“老左派”,主张国有化,反对君主立宪制,反对英国保留核武器,并多次对爱尔兰共和军、哈马斯等被多数西方政府看作恐怖主义武装的组织表示同情
before you read it, note the highlight in dif colours:
经典表达句子 Classic expression
重点短语积累 Accumulation of phrases
陌生词汇掌握 Unfamiliar vocabulary
What do we own to socialism in the country? Every single one of you in this room, at some point, has benefited from the principle of national health service. Free at point of use as a human right.The free market capitalist economy in Unite State has forty million people without access to health care, and the rest have to pay a great deal for it. Where are those ideas come from?
Did they come from some benign, very healthy person or were they, yes, the dreams of people who saw their mother die in poverty, saw their wife die in childbirth, or saw others suffering grievously because they couldn’t afford medical care. They wanted a communal system that protected everybody from illness and diseases.
national health service: (英国)国民医疗服务体系 ;国民健康服务
grievous: very serious and often causing great pain or suffering
communal: for or by a group rather than individuals
access to : have rights to do something/ have ways to go somewhere
at the point of use : it means describe a situation where something is carring on
在这个国家,哪个部分是属于社会主义的?在座的各位,在某个时刻,都受益于国家的医疗服务政策,自由地行使人权。但美国的自由市场,资本主义经济下4千万人没法获得医疗保障,而且剩下的人也需要花费一大笔费用在这上面。这种制度是怎么想出来的?是从某些善良,纯洁的人吗,某些目睹了自己母亲因贫困而死,目睹了妻子因难产而死,或者目睹他人因无法支付医疗费用而陷入悲惨的境遇的人的愿望吗?他们想要一个能够保护所有人远离疾病磨难的公共系统。
Q: Healthy quality has increased,institution of national health service and in particular has widened since the vast increase in expenditure on it and so very loose, it is not a egalitarian institution.
in particular: particularly
expenditure: the act of spending money for goods or services
egalitarian: means supporting or following the idea that all people are equal and should have the same rights and opportunities.
健康质量增加,国家卫生健康服务机构因大量增加预算后的扩建而变得松垮,所以这不是一个平等主义机构。
A: Healthy inequalities increase since there’s been universal revision of the health service? I seriously doubt what you have saying, what I do know is there is health inequality within our society because of poverty because of debt, and there’s a longer life expectancy for the richer than the poorer. There are many things to be conquered in health issues, but the very principle of a health service as a right and free at the point of the use is surely something that we can be proud of, and that, my friends owe its origins to those socialist thinkers in the nineteenth century that saw the evils of free market capitalism in Victorian Britain. Think about that surely is something good.
life expectancy:预期寿命
the very principle of :基本原则
健康的不平等加剧,因为有了普遍修订后的医疗服务? 我很怀疑你刚在说什么,我所知道的是我们社会内健康的不平等是因为贫困,是因为负债,还有富人比穷人更长的预估寿命。关于健康议题,还有很多困难需要被解决,但是健康服务的政策方针作为一个能自由行使的权利,一定得是我们乐于接受的,朋友们,把这个源头归于19世纪的,维多利亚时代的,看出了自由市场资本主义的邪恶之处的社会主义思想家们。想想吧这是一件好事。
And there are many other things such as access to education, such as the development of Council housing in the 1920s by the labor party particularly by those believed that should be decent housing for all. The party that it is heavily represented by the other side, here are presiding over in explosion of free market private rented flats, which now make up a third of my constituency, and people are being socially cleansed by high rents and insufficient benefits and refusal of government to bring in any form of rent control again. Better quality housing needs a better education achievement leads to better health. There are many things we own in our welfare state to the whole ideas is socialism.
Council housing: 此处指廉价租房。 couucil 议会, housing 有许多意思,主要指政治经济等中的住房,居住概念 (household: 家喻户晓adj. 家庭n. )
presiding over: to lead or be in charge of a meeting, ceremony, etc.
in explosion of : means a trade or a field is developing swiftly.
insufficient:Something that is insufficient is not large enough in amount or degree for a particular purpose.
constituency:is an area for which someone is elected as the representative in a parliament or government.
所以我们现在有其他措施比如轻易获得教育的渠道,比如在1920年,由那些相信每个人都应该拥有体面住房的工党取得的廉价公房的发展。代表了另一方的党派,正在掌控自由市场租房的激增情况,他们的支持者占了我的选区的三分之一。人们由于高额房租,匮乏的补贴和政府的在房价方面的不作为而在社会里被清除了,更好的住房质量需要更好的教育成果,带来更好的健康。在我们福利国家里有很多思想属于社会主义。
Q: How the moral and socialist principles of the co-op bank is so badly miscarried?
为什么所谓道德和社会主义指导的合作社银行经营得如此糟糕?
A: The moral and principles at the co-op bank of, in my view it should be an ethical bank, and it shouldn’t involve itself in the arms trade and it doesn’t and it didn’t, and it should involve itself in experimentation on animals, and it doesn’t and it didn’t. It has been mismanaged obviously, and there’re numbers of who are customers if you like,members of co-op who do not want it taken over by hedge funds but want to raise fund in a different way to protect the principle of a mutual bank. But you’re in no position, no position whatsoever to lecture anyone about mutuals, when you a part of a government that destroyed many of the mutuals in this country, such as Northern Rock Abbey National and others that are now part of some big banking enterprises, you promoted greed at the expense of an egalitarian society, and that’s everything that Thatcher was about and EU in particular were about as a minister in her government.
hedge:树篱;a way of protecting yourself against the loss of sth, especially money
in no position:can't do , in particular no right to do something
whatsover: you use it after a noun group to emphasize a negative statement.
道德的和社会主义指导的合作社银行,在我看来,应该是一个符合道德要求的银行,它不应该卷入军火生意,但它没这样做也没这样做到,它不应该卷入到动物实验里,但它没这样做也没这样做到,很明显它没有被很好地管理。有许多的消费者,合作社银行的成员,不想让它被对冲基金取代,而想在不同的渠道进行融资来保护互助银行的原则,但是无权这样做。我们没有任何权力来教别人互助,当你隶属于毁灭了许多本国互助组织的集团,比如北岩银行,阿贝国家银行这种大型银行企业时,你们以建立平等社会的代价换取不断增大的贪婪之心,这就是撒切尔在欧联,特别是她当大臣的时候做的事。
So I want to bring to you the moral case about socialism, those people opposite that spoke, well have you believe somehow or other, the something normally nature in living in the society as well as Katie says, the dog eats dog, the poorest go to the hell and the richest do well. There’s no reason at all, I believe in everybody that is an ounce of socialism. In some people there is a pound, in some place there are many kilos of socialism.
所以我想告诉你们社会主义的道德的例子,对立的人们说,你们是否相信,某种程度上,社会上有一些自然正常的东西,Katie说得好,“狗咬狗”(森林法则),最穷的人下地狱,最有钱的人,你懂的。这根本就没道理,我相信所有人都有社会主义的一小部分,有的人少,有的地方多。
somehow or other: 不知怎的
ounce: a unit for measuring weight, ¹⁄₁₆ of a pound, equal to 28.35 grams (~ of something : a very small quantity of sth)
Socialism is surely about the kind of society you want to live in, do you want to live in society where there is no public provision or any kind of service? There is only private provision on the only thing to worship his money and getting wealthy at the expense of others, or do you live in society where there is universal health care, there is protection against a total destitution and poverty and every child gets to go to school, because many part of the world they don’t. and I want to live in the society that kind of collective principle about it .
provision: the act of supplying sb with something that they needed
(~ on something) ; something that is supplied ; a condition or an arrangement in a legal document
worship: to love and admire sb very much, especially so much that you cannot see their faults; a strong feeling of love or respect for sb
destitution: a state of having no money or possessions/ friend
(get to: super useful, in every sense)
社会主义绝对是你想生活其中的一种社会形态,你想居住在没有公共保障和各种服务的社会吗?只有私人保障,崇拜个人财产,压榨他人来变得富有。你想居住在全民医疗,有面对赤贫的保护政策,每个孩子都能去上学的社会吗?因为世界上还有很多孩子没有。我想生活在一个有着集体主义的社会。
But I also think we have to have a thought, which haven’t come up very much tonight about the natural environment in which we live. We living in a free market society to some extent in Britain to a great extent in the USA and certainly the domination of the world’s multinational companies and banks is very very powerful indeed. Are they really caring about what happens to the environment? Are they really caring about the lever of exploitation of oil and other mineral resources? Are they really caring about the damages they are doing to the environment? It’s only if you live in a society that has set a principle where you take from people what they can’t afford in older to give that people who need it , so another words from each according to their means to each according to their needs is surely a very sensible, very basic principle in life.
multinational:Multinational countries or regions have a population that is made up of people of several different nationalities; 跨国公司
exploit:to treat a person or situation as an opportunity to gain an advantage for yourself ; a brave act
但是我还觉得我们应该想想,关于自然环境的问题。在英国我们的自由市场社会是程度一般,美国的程度则更深,而且肯定的是掌握着世界市场的各种的大公司和银行们非常非常强大,这些大集团们,他们真的关心环境怎么样了吗?他们真的关心石油和其他矿业资源的开发能力吗?他们真的关心他们对环境做出的这些破坏吗?只有以这么一个方针,一个从人民手中拿来再分给无法支付的人民去的方针的社会中他们才会关心。换句话说,“各尽所能,各取所需”(此处为马克思原话),这是非常合乎常理的,符合生活基本原则的。
Q: That principle found its fullest expression in Eastern Europe in the Marxist states, Which taught that nature was resource to be exploited and that resulted in the smoke stack degradation which has been no likened to anywhere in the capitalist world. The best thingto have happened to the environment was the fall of the Berlin wall, so the property rights began to reversed the ecological catastrophe that Marxism are created.
smoke stack: 烟囱。 此处指工业发展
degradation:the process of something becoming worse or weaker, or being made worse or weaker.
carastrophe: an unexpected event that causes great suffering or damage.
(extra :objectifying/ materializing female image degrades women tremendously. )
在东欧的马克思主义国家我们可以看到这个原则充分的体现,它教会我们自然是一种被剥削的资源所以导致了工业技术的退化,而这无法和任何一个资本主义国家相比。柏林墙的倒塌就是他们对环境最大的保护,所以这财产权分配使导致了马克思主义创造的经济危机。
A: There is some interesting parts of Marx which we always didn’t get around to reading about , Marxand the environment and about the sustainability of life, I have not actually said anything in defense of the exploitation of natural resource in Eastern Europe or anywhere else. I am making a point that if we want to survive on this planet, we can not go on exploiting and polluting at the rate we are, we can’t ruin our environment, destroy ecosystem and expect it to survive, if you live in a free market society, a free market capitalist society will grab
every piece of recourse it possibly can,and it won’t give a damn about the environmental effects of it .
grab every piece of XX :it feels like very emphatical.
in defense of : 为保卫.... ,辩护....(自由/国家/权利/etc.)
关于马克思有一些有趣的部分我们还没有解读,马克思还有坏境还有可持续性,我事实上还没有触及到任何反对东欧对自然资源的开发或者什么,我只是在论述我的观点,如果我们想要在这个星球上生存,我们就不能继续以目前的速度开发和污染环境,我们不能毁灭了生态环境,破坏了生态系统还想着继续存活。如果你身处在一个资本主义自由市场的社会,这个社会会尽可能的抓住所有资源,并且对可能因此造成的环境影响不屑一顾。
A collective principle where we care of everybody does give us that opportunity to protect the natural world and a natural environment. There are many things wrong with what happened in the Soviet Union, I am not here to defend Starling or his strange views. What I would say is this, if you want to live in a decent world, then is it right thatthe world’s economy is dominated by a group of unaccountable multinational corporations?
这种关心所有人的集体主义的方针,给了我们去保护自然环境和世界的机会。在苏联,他们做错了很多事,我在这也不是来为斯大林和他离奇的观点辩解的,我想说的是,如果你想生活在一个体面和谐的世界,那么任由不负责任的跨国企业集团主导世界经济是对的吗?
They are the real power in the world today,not a nation state, it’s the global corporations. And if you want to look at the victims of the ultimate of the free market catastrophe that the world is faced with a moment, go to the shantytowns of the fringes of so many citiesaround the world.Look at those people migrants dying in Mediterranean trying to get to Lampedusa. Why are they there? Why they die? Why are they living in such poverty? Tell you this is when the World Bank arrives and tells them to prioritize all public services, to sell off state and land,to make inequality a paragon of virtue, that it why drives people away, into a danger and poverty and I will conclude with this thought: think about the world that you want to live in. Do you want the dog to eat the dog or you want us all to care for each other, support each other and eliminate poverty and injustice. A different world is possible.
prioritize: If you prioritize something, you treat it as more important than other things.
sell off: If you sell something off, you sell it because you need the money.
paragon: If you refer to someone as a paragon, you mean that they are perfect or have a lot of a good quality.
eliminate: 消除 (~ from)
他们才是如今世界里真实的权力集团,不是国家,而是拥有全球体量的大公司们。如果你想快速地看看自由市场经济危机的最终受害者的处境,去世界上多数城市边缘的贫民窟看看吧,看看这些人,这些想要去Lampedusa 而死在地中海的移民。为什么他们在那?为什么他们会死?为什么他们活得那么贫困?告诉你吧,当世界银行在那落地并且让他们去为公共服务明码标价,出卖国家和土地,让制造不平等成为道德的典范。这就是为什么那些人们要逃离,会陷入危险和贫困。最后我总结我的观点如下:请思考一下你想生活的世界,你想要森林法则的竞争,还是所有人互相关爱,相互扶持并且消除贫困和不公正的社会?一个与如今不同的世界是有可能存在的。
反方一辩:
Theodore Dalrymple
安东尼·马尔科姆·丹尼尔斯,笔名西奥多·达尔林普,是英国文化评论家、监狱医生和精神病学家。他在许多撒哈拉以南非洲国家以及伦敦东区工作。他写了很多书,包括《底层的生活:让下层阶级变得更富有的世界观》;《我们的文化,还有什么》;《被宠坏了的腐烂:对多愁善感的有毒崇拜》。丹尼尔斯在其著作中经常指出,西方知识界盛行的社会自由和进步观点最小化了个人对自己行为的责任,破坏了传统习俗,助长了繁荣国家中受地方性暴力影响的下层阶级的形成,犯罪、性传播疾病、福利依赖和药物滥用。
I in turn will point out what I think this side of the house is under no obligation to prove and that is no system other than socialism shall we say feudalism or slavery or primitive hunter-gatherers that we see in so many parts of Great Britain or even the corrupt corporatism of contemporary Britain fails to solve the problems that socialism is allegedly the solution to, all we have to do is to show that the socialism does not solve the problem that it is allegedly sells and it does fail to do so because of its very intrinsic nature, there’s something contradictory to its claims that prevented from producing the benefits that are claimed for it.
under no/an obligation to :有/无职责
shall we say : = or let's say / in other words
fail to : unable to do / in failure
allegedly: an alleged fact has been stated but has not been proved to be true.
intrinsic: it is valuable or interesting because of its basic nature or character, and not because of its connection with other things.
在我的回合我会指出我的观点,我认为在座的另一方没有义务来证明的,那就是没有除社会主义外的意识形态我们会称作“封建主义”或者“奴隶制”或者“原始部落”。大不列颠的不少部分甚至是当代腐败的社团主义英国没能去解决的问题,宣称社会主义是我们唯一的解决办法,但是我们要做的就是去表达社会主义并没有解决它宣称能解决的问题,而它之所以失败是因为它深层的本质和宣传的地方存在矛盾,从而阻止了其产生效益。
Now the definition of socialism I will use is that of the Oxford English Dictionary and it’s the only definition. Really I think socialism is worth debating. A theory or system of social organization based on state or collective ownership and regulation of the means of reduction, distribution and exchange for the common benefit of all members of society. And that is it, ladies and gentlemen, Mr. president, we are not debating social democracies such as Sweden or Denmark which maintain their generous social provision by a very efficient private-sector economy. Let us turn in to this socialism which means of production etc. are organized for the benefits of all members of society.
XX based on
现在我想引用一下《牛津英语词典》中社会主义的定义,而且这也是唯一的定义,说真的我认为社会主义值得讨论:一种基于国家或集体所有制,为所有社会成员的共同利益进行削减、分配和交换和理论或者社会系统。女士们,先生们,主席先生,我们不是在辩论例如瑞典或者丹麦这种通过高效的私营经济来维持高福利的社会保障。让我们说回社会主义,指因全民福祉而组织进行生产等活动的方式。
The first thing to noticed is all membersof its society may not agree what is beneficial, certainly to them, this is possible and here I speak from experience is not even possible for themarriage, let alone in a society of many millions. in other words conflict over desirable ends is irreducible except for an anchorite in the Syrian desert subsisting on locusts and honey, so the very idea of socialism is absurd from the start. You can only impose theoretical absurdity by force. If we turn to those societies in which socialism I defined it and as I say is the only way worthwhile to define it, was put into practice namely the communist countries that are now almost non socialist with the exception of Cuba and North Korea.
I speak from experience: 从经验说
anchorite:隐士
locust :蝗虫
irreducible:Irreducible things cannot be made simpler or smaller.
impose xx by force: 强加xx
首先值得注意的是,社会中的全体成员可能不会就什么是有益的达成一致,这是很有可能的,因为凭经验说,我们甚至没法在在婚姻里就利益达成一致,更不用说社会中有成千上万的婚姻。换句话这种理想结局的矛盾是不可减少的除非你是在叙利亚沙漠里靠吃蝗虫和蜂蜜生存的隐士,所以社会主义的理念从一开始就是荒谬的,你只能用武力强行实行这个理论上荒谬的玩意儿。把目光转向这些符合了如我所说的,唯一有价值的定义的社会,真正付诸了实践即社会主义国家的社会主义者除了古巴和朝鲜,其实所剩无几。
There are no advertisements for socialism and I hope I don’t have to rehearse the historical record of those societywhich has been almost universally disastrous from the first and from every possible angle. The record could be summarized as millions dead, freedom unknown and nothing to show for it. The reason for the failure were intrinsic to the theory on which the practice was based. It was not just because a theory was applied wrongly but the people who are applying the theory were somehow foolish or weak so on.
rehearse :重复 排练 练习
summarize as=generalize as
我没给社会主义打广告,而且我希望我不必再重复那些从任何角度分析都是及其失败的社会的历史,这历史记录可以被总结为百万计的死亡,遗失的自由和毫无意义的牺牲。他们失败的原因是其建立在实践上的理论的内在性质。不仅是因为一个理论被错误地实践而是实践了理论的人,多少有点愚蠢或者无为或者什么的。
I won’t go into the economic inefficiency entailed under socialism by the virtual abolition of the pricing mechanism, and the replacement of impersonal allocation by price by allocation by political influence which is obviously far more conducive to tyranny. Let me just remark instead of on something that I think is so obvious that it takes considerable intellectual effort to avoid thinking about , and it requires training in order to be able to avoid thinking about it. When socialists talk glibly of organizing the organization of economy for the benefit of all, there must be some organizers for the benefit of all.
entail: If one thing entails another, it involves it or causes it.
impersonal: do not show any emotion about the person they are dealing with.
tyranny: a tyranny is a cruel, harsh, and unfair government in which a person or small group of people have power over everyone else.
glibly : 轻率的 “We talk glibly of equality of opportunity.”
关于社会主义因明面上废除的定价机制而导致的经济低效性,和通过价格,分配,政治影响而实施的不近人情的取代分配措施,这种明显是助长专制暴政的做法,我不想深入讨论。就让我谈谈那些明显需要相当多脑力来避免忧虑的事吧,要求训练去避免忧虑的事。当社会主义者装模作样地谈着管理共同利益的组织,这其中必然有一些管理共同利益的组织者。
some philosopher king or kings who will do that organization. There are the organized and there are the organizers and not much in between, and so there is no freedom no spontaneity and it is not, in my view coincidental that not much in the way of innovation or invention ever arose in any socialist state tyranny and shortage but both organized and disorganized is the natural result and were mitigated only by joke on the one hand and black marketeering on the other which was the reestablishment of a market. Human nature being what it is, the organizers do not and will never work for benefit of everyone with selfless indifference to their own personal advantage. I once work in the socialism country in Africa Tanzania where millions of peasants had been moved of course by force from their land and herded into collectivized villages for benefit of everyone apparently and to the hosannas of socialists around the world.
spontaneity: spontaneous, natural behaviour.
mitigated :make it less unpleasant, serious, or painful.
black marketeering: 黑市
可能一些哲学王(《理想国》中哲学家作为唯一领导阶级而建立起乌托邦)或者国王会来管理。在管理者,被管理的人,没有什么中间地带,没有自由空间,没有自发性。在我看来,巧合的是,创新革新几乎没在社会主义国家发生过,有组织和无组织的集权和短缺都是其必然的结果,而且只能靠讲笑话和黑市重建的市场来缓解。人性本恶,统治者永远不能忤逆其自私冷漠的本性来为全人类造福。我曾经为一个非洲社会主义国家坦桑尼亚工作过,上百万的农民被从家乡强制迁移到集体村庄,显然,是为了全体利益以及响应全世界社会主义者的呼唤。
In short older, the country which 90% of the population were peasants and there was no shortage of land could not even feed themselves let alone the produce anything for export , indeed by far, its largest export was requests for emergency foreign aid but you could tell all the members of the organizing party, and you could tell them very simply by their girth they were fat, and the peasants were thin, we on the side of the house do nothave to claim that men is only a selfish beast and inevitably acts red in tooth and claw in his own interest we do not believe that. No society has ever been like that, socialist however, tend to think that is what people are like leftto themselves, which is why they want to dragoon them in their interests in society as a whole. Let me remind you of the opening words of the Theory of Moral Sentiments by a man not often known for his socialist sentiment namely Adam Smith .
How SELFISH soever man may be supposed,there are evidently some principles in
his nature, which interest him in thefortune of others, and render their happiness
necessary to him, though he derives nothingfrom it except the pleasure of seeing
it.
indeed by far: 事实上目前为止
girth: 腰围
dragoon :if someone dragoons you into doing something that you do not want to do, they persuade you to do it even though you try hard not to agree.
马上,这个国家的农民就占到90%了,但他们没有多余土地可以养活自己,更不用说生产什么出口到外国了,事实上目前为止,他们最大的出口就是对外国紧急救援的需求。你可以辨别出所有统治的人,你可以非常简单的通过他们的腰围辨别出来因为他们很胖而农民很瘦。我们阵营的各位,不用再去强调人就是自私的野兽,无可避免地漏出血腥的尖牙利齿,总是这么去认为人的本性,这也是为什么在一个以集体利益考虑的社会中他们会想要把别人拉下水。让我来给一段亚当·史密斯关于社会主义不怎么为人所知的观点,《道德情操论》的开场白吧:
无论人们会认为某人怎样自私,这个人的天赋中总是明显地存在着这样一些本性,这些本性使他关心别人的命运,把别人的幸福看成是自己的事情,虽然他除了看到别人幸福而感到高兴以外,一无所得。
This is from the profit if you like of economic freedom it does not follow however from the fact that all of the people are altruistic some of the time ,and some of the people are altruistic all of the time, that all of the people can’t be altruistic all of the time which is what social is requires for it to work. It never can be so and therefore socialism does not and can not work. Socialists in my view have always been and all fantasies .Marx thought that when under socialism the division of labor was abolished.
society regulates the general production and thus makes it possible for me to do one thing today and another tomorrow, to hunt in the morning, fish in the afternoon, rear cattle in the evening, criticize after dinner, just as I have in mind, without ever becoming hunter, herdsman or critic."
( Marxever said about communism in practice )
from the profit = profit driving
altruistic: If your behaviour or motives are altruistic, you show concern for the happiness and welfare of other people rather than for yourself.
division of labor : 分工
be require for
这就是经济自由下驱使的利益,但是从事实来说,所有的人们有时候是利他的,有的人总是利他的,但所有的人不能总是利他的,可这却是社会主义要求的,这行不通,所以社会主义不能成功。在我看来社会主义者永远都是空想家。马克思说过:
社会调节着整个生产,因而使我有可能随自己的兴趣今天干这事,明天干那事,上午打猎,下午捕鱼,傍晚从事畜牧,晚饭后从事批判,这样就不会使我老是一个猎人、渔夫、牧人,或批判者。
Mr. president ,A religious fantasy has hustle absurd, and you might as well make Hogwarts the blueprint for British education, Mr. president socialism does no work because can not work.
主席先生,一个宗教般的幻想就像痴人说梦,您不妨将霍格沃茨作为英国的教育蓝图?主席先生,社会主义行不通,因为它不行。
hustle: Hustle is busy, noisy activity. pulling or pushing
本文来自网络或网友投稿,如有侵犯您的权益,请发邮件至:aisoutu@outlook.com 我们将第一时间删除。
相关素材