阅读理解之细节理解题型解读

题 型 点 拨 

应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文。

人与自然、人与社会、人与自我。

考查英语学科的核心素养:

语言能力、学习能力、文化意识、思维品质。

细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题、主旨归纳题等。

解 题 指 导 ：细节理解题

 用what, which, who, whom, whose, how, why, when, where, how long, how many等Wh-questions询问文本的具体内容,如事实、例证、原因、过程等就是细节理解题。常见的题干形式有:

1.How/When/Why did…happen?

2.Which of the following is TRUE?

3.According to the passage, how many…are mentioned?

4.What/Who/When/Where/Why/How…? (特殊疑问句类型)

5.All the statements are true EXCEPT . 

6.Which is the right order of…?(排序题类型)

7.The author gives the example in the…paragraph in order to…(例证题类型)

8.…the+形容词最高级;…the only… (判断修饰限定的细节题类型)

解 题 技 巧  

1.审题:读懂题干,找准题干或选项中的关键词(数字、大小写、人名、地名等);

3.对照题干要求,细节比对排除或者选择;

[注意事项] 干扰项往往就是一模一样的词汇或文中出现的句子,但整体语义可能是无中生有、正误并存、扩大或缩小范围、以偏概全、偷换概念、答非所问等。而正确选项往往是通过语义转换、同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实的方法复述出来,而不是照搬原文!

4.确定答案,并验证答案。

 

【技巧1】跳读查找

When they were kids, Dereck was quiet and healthy, and he was good at math and science. Beverly had a twin brother. At that time, her brother and she often got their mother into trouble! Beverly was a dancer, an athlete, played the piano (not very well), and was a class leader. Her favorite subject was science and she always got excellent grades in her science exams.

Q: From the second paragraph, we can know that when they were kids,. 

A.Dereck was outgoing

B.Beverly was quiet and healthy

C.Beverly could play the piano very well

D.Dereck and Beverly were both good at science

[解析] D　细节理解题。

根据“When they were kids, Dereck was quiet and healthy, and he was good at math and science.”以及“Her favorite subject was science and she always got excellent grades in her science exams.” 可知,Dereck和Beverly都擅长科学。故选D。

【技巧2】简单计算

Packing it properly. Only put in the pack what is needed for that day. It’s a good idea to know what each object weighs. The total weight of the filled pack should be no more than 10 to 15 percent of the wearer’s own body weight. Pack the heaviest objects close to the body, and place little ones outside, away from the back.

Q:If a boy weighs 40 kg, how heavy should his filled backpack be at most?

A.About 4 kg.

B.About 6 kg.

C.About 10 kg.

D.About 15 kg.

[解析] B　数字计算题。

根据“The total weight of the filled pack should be no more than 10 to 15 percent of the wearer’s own body weight.”可知,填充包的总重量不应超过背包人自身体重的10%至15%。如果一个人的体重是40千克,那么他的背包的总重量最多是6千克。故选B。

【技巧3】排除法

Mr. Brown was born in a poor family. He couldn’t go to school when he was young. Now he’s a porter and works at a station. He doesn’t think it’s necessary to know some knowledge of science. His son, Bill, began to go to school last year. The boy likes nothing except playing. He doesn’t listen to the teachers in class and can’t do his homework after class. It’s the hardest thing for him to do math exercises. And he wants to drop it.

Q:Which of the following is TRUE?

A.Mr. Brown was going to be a porter when he was young.

B.Mr. Brown’s parents were too poor to send him to school.

C.Mr. Brown wasn’t interested in science when he was young.

D.There was no school in Mr. Brown’s hometown.

[解析] B　首先要知道题目让我们选择的是正确的一项。Mr. Brown现在是一名行李搬运工,而不是小时候打算当一名行李搬运工,A项错误;Mr. Brown 现在认为没有必要了解一些科学知识,C项错误;根据前两句可知,Mr. Brown小时候因为家里穷没有上学,而不是他的家乡没有学校,D项错误。

细节干扰项特征:

(1)是原文信息,但不是题目所要求的信息;

(2)符合常识,但不是文章内容;

(3)与原文内容极其相似,只是在程度上有些变动(通常如有过于绝对化的词,不要选);

(4)部分正确,部分错误;

(5)张冠李戴。

[例题]

The children’s answers were generally growth of moral understanding in early childhood. More of the four-to-five-year-olds thought the child in the story would feel better keeping the stolen candy, lying and getting unpunished. They imagined the parent in the story would be angry with the child who confessed. However, the seven-to-nine-year-olds were more likely to think the child would feel better confessing the crime.

Q:What did Smith and his workmates find in their study?

A.Older kids are more likely than younger children to confess to a bad act.

B.Younger children are more likely than older kids to confess to a bad act.

C.The four-to-five-year-olds would feel better confessing the crime.

D.The seven-to-nine-year-olds thought parents would be angry with their confessions.

[解析] A　本题带了一点的推理在里面,不能直接找到答案,需要转换一下思路。根据第二、三句可知D项错误,应该是4~5岁的孩子认为承认错误会使父母生气;根据最后一句可知B项和C项错误,A项正确。本题很好地体现了部分正确和部分错误以及张冠李戴这种现象,做题时要注意发出动作的主语是谁。