『外刊素材积累』你的表情出卖了你的情绪吗?
发布于 2021-10-12 07:40
你的面部表情是否可以真实的展现你内心的情绪呢？我们总是习惯性的通过他人的表情判断在某一时刻他们的心理状态，但很多时候，这其实并不准确。今天这篇文章选自经济学人，我们一起来看一看关于情绪的研究以及其中一些比较好的语言点。
文章的开头表示，从古到今，表情都被看作是判断情绪的有效方式。
Two millennia on, facial expressions are still commonly thought to be a universally valid way to gauge other people’s feelings, irrespective of age, sex and culture. A raised eyebrow suggests confusion. A smile denotes happiness. A frown indicates sadness.
两千年过去了，不论年龄、性别或者文化，面部表情仍然被普遍认为是一种判断他人情绪的通用有效的方式。扬眉显示出困惑，微笑表示着快乐，皱眉意味着悲伤。
millennia：millennium 的复数，一千年，千年期
facial expression：面部表情
be thought to be: 被认为是，被看作是
He is thought to be the best worker in the company.
consider 和regard也有类似这样的用法，文章中的句子可以改写成facial expressions are still commonly considered (to be) a universally valid way to gauge other people’s feelings这里to be可以省略掉，或者可以这样改写facial expressions are still commonly considered as a universally valid way to gauge other people’s feelings; facial expressions are still commonly regarded as a universally valid way to gauge other people’s feelings.
irrespective of：不考虑，不管
The weekly rent is the same irrespective of whether there are three or four occupants.
无论三个还是四个人住，周租金不变。
接下来，这段话最后三句话使用了不同的动词suggest denote indicate，意思都是表示、表明等，我们在表达相似意思的时候，也可以几个词替换着使用。
但是通过研究相关论文发现，面部表情和情绪之间的关系并没有充足的科学证据。
There is no good scientific evidence to suggest that there are such things as recognisable facial expressions for basic emotions which are universal across cultures.
没有充足的科学证据能够表明，在不同文化间通用的基本情绪可以被面部表情识别出来。
在这句话中可以看到一个很常见的表达，there is no such thing as…表示不存在，没有这样的事。
There is no such thing as a stupid question.
没有问题是愚蠢的。
There is no such thing as a free lunch.
世上没有免费的午餐。
接下来，作者介绍了一个关于情绪和表情的研究，研究发现，人们只有30%的时候会在生气时绷着脸，70%的时候会有其它的表情，同时人们在不生气的时候有时也会绷着脸。
A scowl, the researchers concluded, is certainly one expression of anger. But it is not the only way people express that emotion. The ambiguous nature of facial expressions was not restricted to anger, but seemed valid for all six of the emotional categories that they examined: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise.
研究人员得出结论，绷着脸确实是生气的一种表情，但并不是人们表达这种情绪的唯一方式。面部表情的这种不确定的本质并不局限于生气，而是似乎对他们研究的六种情绪都有效：生气，厌恶，害怕，快乐，悲伤和惊讶。
ambiguous：模棱两可的，不明确的
be restricted to：局限于…仅限于…
Access to the club is restricted to members only.
俱乐部仅对会员开放。
接着，作者提到了人工智能。很多信息科技公司想要开发出能够识别面部表情的AI，从而推断出人们的情绪，但是他们却并没有考虑到具体情境的重要性。
For a start, facial expression is but one of a number of non-verbal cues, such as body posture, that people use to communicate with each other. Machine recognition of emotion needs to take account of these as well. But context can reach further than that.
首先，和肢体动作一样，面部表情仅仅是人们用来互相交流的众多非语言线索之一。机器对于情绪的识别也需要考虑这些因素。但是具体情境的影响要更深远。
这段话中的but不是我们常见的“但是”的意思，而是和only的意思一样，表示仅仅。
She’s but a young girl.
I don't think we'll manage it. Still, we can but try.
take account of：考虑
We need to take account of important differences between children and adults.
这个表达还可以说成take sth into account，文章中的这句话还可以改写成Machine recognition of emotion needs to take these into account.
接下来，作者介绍了一个实验，在这个实验中，参与者可以看到一个人面部的特写（a close-up picture of a man’s face），仅仅基于这张图片，大部分参与者都认为这个人是生气的，但镜头拉远之后人们发现他其实是在庆祝一个进球。
Given that people cannot guess each other’s emotional states most of the time, Dr Martinez sees no reason computers would be able to.
鉴于在大部分时候连人们自己都无法猜测彼此的情绪状态，Dr Martinez认为电脑没理由能够做到。
这句话开头的given that意思是鉴于、考虑到，后面跟着的内容一般是共同的认识和已有的事实。
Usually, I am sensible with money, as I have to be, given that I don't earn that much.
我花钱通常是很明智的。考虑到自己挣得不多，必须这样做。
see no reason：不明白为什么，看不出任何的理由
I see no reason to change.
I see no reason why you don’t come.
但是有的公司却认为自己已经开发出了这样的技术，并且还将它应用到了一些领域中。
There are companies right now claiming to be able to do that and apply this to places I find really scary and dangerous, for example, in hiring people.
现在有一些公司声称能够做到这一点，并且把它应用到了招聘等领域中，我认为这非常可怕，也很危险。
大家可以根据今天的材料尝试自己回答下面这个问题哦。
Do you think we can rely on facial expressions to gauge other people’s feelings?
你认为我们可以依靠面部表情来判断他人的情绪吗？
Not really. Even though facial expressions are still thought to be a universally valid way to gauge people’s feelings, there is no good scientific evidence to suggest that. Like body posture, facial expression is but one of a number of non-verbal cues that people use to communicate with each other. So that when it comes to recognition of emotion, we need to take account of these as well. Plus, we shouldn’t overlook context which can reach even further than that.
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